Gum recession occurs when the gum tissue pulls away from the tooth, exposing the root. It can cause sensitivity, aesthetic concerns (teeth looking "long"), and an increased risk of decay on the exposed root. A gum graft is a procedure that adds tissue to cover the exposed area, restoring protection and often improving appearance. When is it necessary, and what does it involve? Here's what you need to know.
What Causes Gum Recession?
- Aggressive brushing — Brushing too hard or with a hard-bristled brush can wear away gum tissue over time
- Gum disease — Periodontal disease destroys the bone and gums that support teeth
- Genetics — Some people have thinner gum tissue or are more prone to recession
- Trauma — Injury to the gums can cause recession
- Teeth grinding or misalignment — Excessive force or poor alignment can contribute
- Tobacco use — Smoking increases the risk of gum problems
When Is a Gum Graft Necessary?
A graft may be recommended when:
- Root exposure is significant — The root is sensitive or at risk of decay
- Recession is progressing — Without treatment, more tissue may be lost
- Aesthetics are a concern — You want to improve the appearance of "long" teeth or uneven gumlines
- Before restorative work — Sometimes a graft is done to create adequate gum tissue before placing a crown or veneer
Not every case of recession requires a graft. Your dentist or periodontist will evaluate the severity, the cause, and your goals to determine if it's needed.
What Does a Gum Graft Involve?
Tissue is taken from another area (often the roof of the mouth) or from a donor/synthetic source and attached to the recessed area. The procedure is typically done with local anesthesia. Several techniques exist—some use your own tissue, others use processed donor tissue or collagen matrices. Your provider will explain the approach that's best for you.
Recovery
Recovery varies by technique. You may have some discomfort for a few days to a week. Soft foods, avoiding the surgical site when brushing, and following post-operative instructions support healing. Full healing can take several weeks. Most patients manage well with over-the-counter or prescribed pain medication.
Benefits
- Reduces or eliminates root sensitivity
- Protects the root from decay
- Can improve the appearance of the gumline
- May prevent further recession when combined with addressing the cause (e.g., changing brushing technique)
The Bottom Line
A gum graft is a well-established procedure that can protect your teeth and improve your smile. If you've been told you need one—or if you're concerned about recession—schedule a consultation. Your dentist or periodontist can evaluate your situation and recommend the right approach.