Periodontal treatment is the branch of dentistry that focuses on the gums and the structures that support your teeth. When gum disease develops—whether in its early stage (gingivitis) or its advanced form (periodontitis)—professional treatment can stop the progression, restore health, and help you keep your teeth for life. But what does periodontal treatment actually involve, and who needs it? Here's a clear overview.
What Is Periodontal Disease?
Periodontal disease is an infection of the gums and, in advanced cases, the bone and ligaments that hold teeth in place. It's caused by bacteria in plaque and tartar. In its earliest stage (gingivitis), the gums are inflamed but reversible. Left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis—where bone is lost, pockets form around teeth, and teeth can become loose. Periodontal treatment aims to eliminate the infection and create an environment where the gums and bone can heal.
What Does Periodontal Treatment Include?
Treatment depends on the severity of the disease:
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Scaling and root planing (deep cleaning) — The first line of treatment for many patients. Plaque and tartar are removed from above and below the gumline, and the root surfaces are smoothed so the gums can reattach. This may be done in one or more visits, sometimes with local anesthesia.
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Periodontal maintenance — After active treatment, regular cleanings (often every 3–4 months) help prevent recurrence. These are more thorough than routine cleanings and focus on the areas previously affected.
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Surgical options — For advanced cases, procedures like flap surgery, bone grafts, or guided tissue regeneration may be needed. These are typically performed by a periodontist.
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Laser therapy — Some practices use lasers to remove infected tissue and promote healing. This can be less invasive than traditional surgery in certain cases.
Who Needs Periodontal Treatment?
You may need periodontal treatment if you have:
- Bleeding gums when brushing or flossing
- Red, swollen, or tender gums
- Persistent bad breath
- Receding gums or teeth that look longer
- Loose teeth or changes in how your teeth fit together
- Deep pockets (measured during an exam) indicating bone loss
- A diagnosis of gingivitis or periodontitis from your dentist
Not everyone with bleeding gums has advanced disease—but bleeding is a sign that should be evaluated. Early treatment is always easier and more effective than waiting.
Why It Matters
Untreated gum disease is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults. It's also linked to systemic health issues like heart disease, diabetes complications, and pregnancy risks. Treating gum disease protects your teeth and supports your overall health.
The Bottom Line
Periodontal treatment is essential for anyone with gum disease. If you've been told you need it—or if you're experiencing symptoms—don't delay. The sooner you address it, the better the outcome. Schedule an evaluation to determine the right treatment for your situation.